Immanuel Kant
Liberalismiwikistä
Siirry navigaatioonSiirry hakuunImmanuel Kant (1724–1804) oli kenties vaikutusvaltaisin länsimainen filosofi kautta aikain. Hän oli valistusfilosofi, melko puhdas libertaristi, ja erittäin tärkeä lukuisilla filosofian saroilla.
Filosofi Immanuel Kantin mukaan vapaus on vapautta pakottamisesta ja valtiolla ei ole oikeutta rajoittaa kenenkään vapautta muuten kuin estääkseen tätä loukkaamasta toisten vapautta. [1] Tämä tarkoittaa samaa kuin negatiivinen vapaus.
Viitteet
- ↑ Kant's Social and Political Philosophy, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Jul 24, 2007: "The very existence of a state might seem to some as a limitation of freedom, since a state possesses power to control the external freedom of individual citizens through force. This is the basic claim of anarchism. Kant holds in contrast that the state is not an impediment to freedom but is the means for freedom. State action that is a hindrance to freedom can, when properly directed, support and maintain freedom if the state action is aimed at hindering actions that themselves would hinder the freedom of others. Given a subject's action that would limit the freedom of another subject, the state may hinder the first subject to defend the second by "hindering a hindrance to freedom". Such state coercion is compatible with the maximal freedom demanded in the principle of right because it does not reduce freedom but instead provides the necessary background conditions needed to secure freedom. The amount of freedom lost by the first subject through direct state coercion is equal to the amount gained by the second subject through lifting the hindrance to his actions. State action sustains the maximal amount of freedom consistent with identical freedom for all without reducing it." "The state is authorized to use its coercive force to defend freedom against limitations to freedom; more particularly, since right does not entail that each citizen must limit his own freedom but only that "freedom is limited" by conditions of right, it is right for another, i.e. the state, to actively limit citizens freedom in accord with right (6:231). The state is authorized to use force to defend property rights (6:256)."
